More than 400 million tonnes of iron and steel slag is produced each year. The red mud slag was produced via the carbothermic reduction of red mud at high temperatures t 1500 c via saf treatment. The determination of total iron fe total and metallic iron fe metallic in the slag samples was achieved by spectroscopic methods. A blast furnace charge consists of ore, fluxes and fuel. The problem of iron decomposition is considered to be rare and characteristic for slag with a high content of iron oxide 3. Such slag can, with a certain amount of other constituents, form compounds that will easily react with water and thus lead to the disintegration of material. This use, together with the steel slag is a hard, dense material similar to aircooled iron rapid growth of concrete usage worldwide, led to th e slag, and is particularly suitable for road making. Pig iron and slag are the products of the smeltingreduction treatment. Nioshtic2 publications search 20037337 slagiron and steel. The australasian slag association was formed in sydney, australia, to expand the already considerable use of slag in the australian and asian markets. Simulation of slaggas and slagiron interface tilting in. Blast furnace slag bfs and steel furnace slag sfs have a long history of being utilized as industrial byproducts, going back almost 100 years in the united states. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. Vicroads shares the same commitment to the use of recycled materials and supported the publication of that original document.
Iron and steel slag refers to the type of metal manufacturing slag that is generated during the process of manufacturing iron and steel products. Assessment of the metallic iron content from steelmaking. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of different steel slags compared to. They are used not only in construction and roadbuilding, but also in other ways such as in waste stabilization. The results confirm that the use of iron slag overcome the pollution problems in the environment. The ore part of a charge consists of iron ores and concentrates, manganese ores and various types of scrap containing iron. It is the property of ironbridge gorge museums trust and is subject to a memorandum of agreement between the trust. Tufan1 1department of mining engineering, dokuz eylul university, 35160, izmir, turkey abstract. However, altering the chemical composition of the slag and rapid cooling of the molten mass while preventing the crystallisation of dicalcium silicate can completely prevent this problem. Page 2 chemical and mineralogic composition chemical analyses of blastfurnace slags usually show that the four major oxides lime, magnesia, silica and alumina make up about 95% of the total.
Properties and uses of iron and steel slag mf 1826 national slag association. Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore also ilmenite with a highcarbon fuel and reductant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Examination of smelting and smithing slags formed in. In china, the first steel slag fertilizer program invested by taiyuan iron and steel. This is realised using soda, calcium carbonate, lime and metallic magnesia. Iron blastfurnace slag production, processing, properties. The iron picks up carbon from the coke and impurities from the ore.
Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant. The values of specific 1 cast converter slag includingslopping from the converter. However, current slag processing is far away from optimum conditions, especially for slag fines with small particle sizes, resulting in generation of nonrecyclable. Structure and properties of metallurgical slag ss 1. Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel. Iron blast furnace slag bfs this is the coproduct from the reduction of iron ores to produce molten iron and molten slag. Composition of the slag and pig iron product download table. Pdf nowadays, iron and steel industries are moving toward environmental. Generating of slag in pig iron production in blast furnace bf, steel production. Slag formers are either charged with the scrap or blown into the furnace. We package all books in custom cardboard book boxes for shipment and ship daily with tracking numbers this is an incredibly detailed book on this subject. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages. Theeraporn chuenpee, krit wonin, surapol natapintu and isao takashima, 2014.
Jan 27, 20 structure and properties of metallurgical slag ss 1. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3. Dippenaar steel institute, university of wollongong, northfields avenue, nsw, australia traditionally, iron ore has been reduced with coke in a blast furnace and the hotmetal product of the blast furnace containing carbon, manganese, silicon, sulphur and phosphorous, was. Slags are used in road bases, various types of concrete aggregates, fill, glass manufacture, mineral wool, railroad ballast, and soil conditioning. Granulated slag is a glassy, granular product resulting from rapid quenching of the molten slag. Having studied the powerful reducing condition inside the iron blast furnace, it is no surprise to us to know that any other element present in the ore and as easily reduced as iron will come out with it as it runs from the furnace. Effect of slag composition on iron nuggets formation from.
Quenching with water is the most common process, but air or combinations of air and water may be used. Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and impacts on sinter quality o. Pig iron is divided into steelmaking pig iron, which is intended for further processing to steel by various refining processes, and foundry pig iron, from which cast iron is produced by remelting. The paper presents an assessment of the metallic iron content from steelmaking slags in order to conserve natural resources.
In a blastfurnace, the iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron using, as a fluxing agent, 5 corex is a registered trade mark of voestalpine. The recovered ironrich products are recycled back into the ironmaking and steelmaking processes to replace highcost steel scrap and iron ores. This is a well known fact in gray iron, where manganese oxide also plays an additive role. Iron and steel slags are byproducts of the iron and steel industry. Decarburization and melting behavior of directreduced iron. Any sandy component or quartz component of the original ore automatically carries through the smelting process as silicon dioxide. Use of iron slag as partial replacement of sand to concrete. A byproduct of smelting ore and steel making, iron slag. The results in table 2 indicate that, oxygenated slag has higher specific gravity and volumetric weight than natural sand whereas the percentage of clay and fine materials in slag were several times higher than that of.
Iron slag is one of the industrial byproduct from the iron and steel making industries. The slag flow is modelled using the free and porous media flow fps. Dressel dressel technologies pawleys island, sc part iii. During the production of steel in bof andor eaf scrap metal, or metalized ore, or both, the carbon and silicon are removed as carbon dioxide, and the remaining oxidized elements are combined with added lime to form steel slag.
Archaeometallurgical studies of ancient iron smelting slags. Archaeometallurgical studies of ancient iron smelting. The oxygen required for decarburization is supplied to the slag by addition of iron oxide as ore lump, pellet or mill scale. Dec 18, 20 at voestalpine the two types of slag are separately collected, prepared, and processed further into products. In 2006 the built new steel plant furnace and produciton was greatly influenced. The results in table 2 indicate that, oxygenated slag has higher specific gravity and volumetric weight than natural sand whereas the percentage of clay and fine materials in slag were several times higher than that of natural sand. During smelting, slagging agents and fluxes mainly limestone or dolomite and silica sand are added to the blast furnace or steelmaking. The temperature of pig iron and slag during the production of. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and india, from which the percentage of iron slag price supply is 2%, 95%, and 2% respectively. Payment system 100% advance by tt at our bank or at confirmed a at sight lc.
The comprehensive utilization of steel slag in agricultural soils. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. As the name suggests, the blast furnace slag is generated in the blast furnace, during the production of liquid pig iron, and is mostly processed further into granulated blast furnace slag which is a valuable additive in the cement. Rich in composition, our range of iron slag is in huge demand across the nation amongst our valued clients. The control of this carbon during the subsequent processes determines the properties of the steel. Due to the high viscosity of the slag phase, the slaggas interface does not stay horizontal during the slag tapping. Business metals, metalworking and machinery iron iron metal iron, nodular metal castings industry nodular iron. Quantitative determination of metallic iron content in steel. Pig iron is produced by smelting or iron ore in blast furnaces or by smelting ilmenite in electric furnaces.
Alternative aggregate in road construction, proceedings book of. The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Examination of smelting and smithing slags formed in bloomery ironmaking process 23 a. Both of these oxides reduce the melting point of the silicarich slag and favor the formation. Iron and steel slags are, therefore, not subject to federal regulation as hazardous wastes. As oxygen is blown into the furnace, the principal flux feo is generated.
Slag is a byproduct of the iron manufacturing process. The effect of replacing sand by iron slag on physical. Dependent upon the slag composition and temperature and the speed of quenching, the granulated slag may vary from a friable, popcornlike. Through the addition of portland cement, silica and alumina the slag composition was varied to adjust the expected liquidus temperature to 1573 and 2273 k. The device used was a spectrometer based on xray fluorescence. Production of pig iron in a blast furnace 9 scheme of a blast furnace content. The slag balance now starts to shift and the slag becomes more liquid. Carnegie institution washington year book, 1965, pp. It is the property of ironbridge gorge museums trust and is subject to. From the gas composition measurement results we can say that the atmosphere of the furnace. The effect of the pig iron desulphurisation with the mixture of highly sintered lime and metallic magnesia, in proportion 7. Industrial uses of slagthe use and reuse of iron and.
Great efforts have been made throughout the years toward finding an application to minimize the environmental impact and to increase sustainability while generating. Industrial uses of slagthe use and reuse of iron and steelmaking slags r. In order to compare the available data in literature, some of the experimental results from different researchers were selected and compared under specific. Business metals, metalworking and machinery cast iron product development castiron flux metallurgy analysis iron foundries innovations. Overview of ironsteel slag application and development of new. Slag from steel mills in ferrous smelting, on the other hand, is designed to minimize iron loss and so mainly contains oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use of recycled materials, in june 1993 the rta in conjunction with the australasian slag association, released a guide to the use of slag in roads. Non ferrous slags make up only 12% of the total annual production described below are the main types and uses of slag commercially available in ferrous slag products. In this paper, the compressive strength of the iron slag concrete was studied. Nioshtic2 publications search 2808 slagiron and steel. How pig iron is converted into iron and steel in blast.
Basic oxygen furnaces bof slag is the main problem at all iron and steel factories. Structural and durability properties of concrete made with corex slag mg alexander. Processing iron slag and producing steel skull scrap and different sizes of slag aggregates and powders. Approximately 300 kgtonpig iron and 100 kgtonsteel of bf slag and. The pages are clean, crisp, unmarked and uncreased. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use of. This iron slag is processed by our allied vendors over different quality parameters. Chemical analysis of iron slags and metallic artefacts. This work investigates the effect of this slag composition on iron nugget formation.
Pellets were prepared with iron ore and two different carbonaceous materials. Iron slags and metallic artefacts from early iron age. A wide variety of iron slag price options are available to you, there are 1,082 suppliers who sells iron slag price on, mainly located in asia. Quantitative determination of metallic iron content in. Characteristics of calciumaluminate slags and pig iron produced. One possible implication of relying on slagdri interactions for decarburization is that if the. Directly reduced iron directly reduced iron is a product of iron steel direct reduction from ores in the solid. It inlcludes tons of photographs, charts, diagrams and actual photographs of the processes, manufacture and uses of iron slag. Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and. Decarburization and melting behavior of directreduced. A readyreference book of chemical and physical data. Pdf chemical analysis of iron slags and metallic artefacts.
Classification of bof slag by data mining techniques. Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel alloys and in cast iron sofia adolfi 2007 department of materials science, royal institute of technology s100 44 stockholm, sweden abstract this thesis explores the formation of segregation and inclusions during solidification of steel and cast iron. Business metals, metalworking and machinery cast iron product development cast iron flux metallurgy analysis iron foundries innovations. Steelmaking slags are usually processed for iron recovery by dry magnetic separation. The most common minerals on earth information for educators mindat articles the elements books. This oxidized iron is observed in the chemical composition of the bof slag. Steel slag is a hard, dense material somewhat similar to aircooled iron slag. The major elemental composition of slag was determined using. Chemical analysis of iron slags and metallic artefacts from early iron age. The carbon becomes part of the pig iron used in the making of steel. Blast furnace slag production ranges from about 220 to 370 kilograms per metric ton of pig iron produced. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. In the process of converting pig iron into steel, some coproducts are generatedamong which, basic oxygen furnace bof slag is highlighted due to the great amount generated about 126 kg of bof slag per ton of steel grade.
D e p a r t m e nt o f metallurgical and materials engineering national institute of technology, rourkela structure and properties of metallurgical slag by dr. Bfs is composed of the nonmetallic components removed from iron ore during processing in a blast furnace. The effect of addition slag of cast iron and cement to. Enhancement of iron recovery from steelmaking slag fines. The shape and physical characteristics of iron and steel slag are similar to ordinary crushed stone and sand, however due to differences such as the chemical components and cooling processes, it is possible to provide different types of slag with a wide variety of unique properties. Slag practices and oxygencarbon injection when melting direct reduced iron introduction when melting dri or hbi in an eaf, a well designed slag combined with proper oxygen and carbon injection practices leads. Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry, also known as crude iron, which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
The amount of carbon picked up by the iron is more than is needed in the production of steel. An introduction lynne keys historical metallurgy society what is iron slag. Research during the year emphasized the use of granulated slag, particularly in cement. This similarity in chemical composition between the slag samples is illustrated in table 1. Characterisation of slag 7 chemical composition 7 physical properties 7 mix design for corex slag concrete 10. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use. Simulation of slaggas and slagiron interface tilting in blast furnace hearth during slag tapping. Some were produced by smelting, others by smithing.
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